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Epidemiology

Poster Session 4

(1013) Preterm delivery and the risk for childhood celiac disease of the offspring

Wednesday, February 14, 2024
1:00 PM – 2:30 PM  
Location: Prince George's Exhibit Hall CDE, Lower Atrium Level

    Primary & Presenting Author(s)

  • Gil Gutvirtz, MD

    Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
    Metar, HaDarom, Israel

    • Coauthor(s)

  • Gali Pariente, MD

    Acting director of Fetal Maternal Unit B Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
    Klahim, HaDarom, Israel

  • Tamar Wainstock, PhD (she/her/hers)

    Ben Gurion University
    Beer-Sheva, HaDarom, Israel

  • Eyal Sheiner, MD, PhD

    Head of department of Obstetrics and Gynecology B, Soroka University Medical Center
    Soroka University Medical Center
    Beer-Sheva, HaDarom, Israel

Objective: Preterm delivery is the endpoint of a multifactorial process resulting in a premature birth of the neonate. Some immunological disorders causing an immune-mediated inflammation, have been linked to preterm delivery, and women carrying these traits may pass them along to their offspring. As celiac disease is an immune-mediated disease, we investigated whether children born preterm (< 37 weeks) are at an increased risk to develop celiac disease.

Study Design: A large population-based cohort study of singleton deliveries in a tertiary hospital between the years 1991 and 2021 was conducted. The risk of celiac disease was compared between children (up to the age of 18 years) born preterm and children born at term. Data for celiac disease diagnosis of the offspring were extracted from community-based clinics and hospitalization records. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the incidence of celiac disease between the study groups. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounders.

Results: A total of 356,109 singleton deliveries were included, of which, 24,511 deliveries (6.9%) were preterm. Children born preterm had higher rates of celiac disease as compared to children born at term (0.7% vs 0.5%, p=0.012, Figure). However, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve illustrated comparable cumulative incidence of celiac disease in preterm and term born offspring (Log Rank, p=0.087, Figure). When using a Cox proportional hazards model, controlling for maternal celiac disease, maternal age and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates, being born prematurely was not associated with celiac disease (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=1.14, 95%CI 0.97-1.34, p=0.103, Figure).

Conclusion: Being born prematurely is not a risk factor to develop childhood celiac disease.