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Clinical Obstetrics

Poster Session 2

(395) Factors Associated with Achieving Smoking Cessation for Pregnant Individuals with Substance Use Disorder

Tuesday, February 13, 2024
3:30 PM – 5:00 PM  
Location: Prince George's Exhibit Hall CDE, Lower Atrium Level
Objective: Maternal tobacco use, especially when comorbid with substance use disorder (SUD), leads to multiple adverse neonatal outcomes. Therefore, giving women the best chance for smoking cessation is important. This study evaluates interventions associated with a decrease in smoking among women with SUD receiving perinatal care within a multidisciplinary treatment program.

Study Design: This was a longitudinal cohort study of obstetric patients with SUD enrolled in a multispecialty treatment program from 2015 to 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on self-reported number of cigarettes smoked. Patients ≥ 36 weeks who still smoked >50% of the number of cigarettes reported at enrollment were compared to those who decreased tobacco intake by at least 50% or quit entirely. Fisher’s exact and two-sample t-tests were used for analysis.

Results: Of 194 patients reviewed at 36 weeks, 137 patients reported still smoking > 50% of their tobacco use at program enrollment and 57 achieved > 50% decrease in use or quit entirely. Age, parity, race, BMI, and history of overdose did not differ significantly between groups. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was used by 6.5% of patients persisting in their tobacco use compared to 10.4% of patients who decreased tobacco amount (p = 0.52). There was no significant difference between groups regarding participation in a group education session on tobacco cessation, adjunct anxiolytic use, or antidepressant therapy. Fetal growth restriction was diagnosed in 13.1% of patients that continued to smoke compared to 5.3% (p = 0.13) of patients in the cessation group.

Conclusion: No variables investigated differed significantly between patients who were able to decrease or completely stop smoking during pregnancy, albeit a limited sample size. Patients who successfully cut down or achieved cessation were more likely to have used nicotine replacement therapy. Surprisingly, participation in group education focused on smoking cessation did not differ.