(797) Molecular and Physiological Profile of Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be a risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, there is a paucity of information regarding diverse cardiovascular, metabolic and multi-omic measurements in elderly women after GDM. We assessed the molecular and physiological profile of women with a history of GDM

Study Design:

Data collected as part of large-scale, prospective, longitudinal study with more than 10,000 healthy adults aged 40–70 years, between the years 2019 and 2022. The participants underwent physiological assessments through special medical tests and wearables, molecular profiling and collection of medical records and lifestyle questionnaires (Figure).  We included women who reported at least one live birth and compared the profiles of women with a history of GDM to control subset, matched by the number of pregnancies and the time elapsed since the GDM pregnancy

Results:

Our study consisted of 300 and 800 women in GDM and the control group, respectively (mean of 17 years post-pregnancy).  Women with a history of GDM displayed notable findings compared to the control group (*p< 0.001 for all)

1. Higher sonographic liver attenuation; indicative of fatty liver


2. Higher cholesterol (205±35 vs 190±27, mg/dl*), triglycerides (127±70 vs 92±40, mg/dl*) and lower HDL (50±11 vs 60±12, mg/dl*)


3. Higher values across 20 indexes of glucose control and variability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) indicating increased glucose fluctuation and longer durations of hyperglycemia


4. Body composition (DXA scan) showed higher visceral fat mass (901±320 vs 590±230 gr*)


5. Sleep monitoring indicated a higher rate of sleep apnea (Oxygen Desaturation Index, number of desaturation episodes per hour) (4±5 vs 2.8±4*)


6. Microbiome: lower bacterial richness which is associated with obesity and metabolic disorders